Marka laga hadlayo wareegga kombayuutarka, transistor-yadu waa saldhigga aasaasiga ah ee dhismaha. Transistor-yadu waxay u dhaqmaan sida beddelka ka caawiya inay oggolaadaan ama ka hortagaan socodka hadda inuu dhex socdo. Sababtoo ah kakanaanta inta badan CPU-yada maanta, tirada transistor-yadu way kala duwan yihiin. Laakiin imisa transistors ayaa ku jira CPU?

Jawaab degdeg ah

Hal CPU oo casri ah, waxa jiri kara boqollaal milyan, haddaysan ahayn balaayiin, transistors. Tusaale ahaan, Apple MI 2020 CPU waxay leedahay ilaa 16 bilyan transistor-ka; AMD Ryzen 9 3900X 2019 wuxuu leeyahay ilaa 9.89 bilyan transistors, halka AMD Epyc Rome 2019 uu leeyahay ilaa 39.54 bilyan transistors.

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Markasta oo uu sareeyo tirada transistor-ka ee CPU, ayaa tignoolajiyada sii wanagsanaysa, taas oo macnaheedu yahay waayo-aragnimo fiican. Waxaa jira dhowr arrimood oo go'aaminaya tirada transistors ee aad ka heli karto CPU. Sii wad akhriska si aad u ogaato wax badan oo ku saabsan tirada transistor-ka ee CPU. >>

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Maxaa go'aaminaya tirada Transistor-ka ku jira CPU?

Shaqada CPU inta badan waxa loo kala qaybin karaa laba qaybood oo waaweyn: ka soo saar oo ka saar xogta ka xusuusta iyo fulinta tilmaamaha . Si loo fuliyo tilmaamahan, CPU waxay u baahan tahay tiro gaar ah oo transistor ah. Inta badan transistor-ka, ayaa habab badan oo CPU-gu ay qaban karaan, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid wanaagsan. Hoos waxaa ah arrimo saameeya tirada transistor-ka CPU.

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Arrinta #1: Dhismaha

> Theqaab dhismeedka CPU waxaa loola jeedaa nooca tilmaanta iyo sida CPU u socodsiiso tilmaamaha. Deegaanka maanta, waxaa jira laba qaab-dhismeedka processor-yada caadiga ah: 64-bit (AMD64, IA64, iyo x86) iyo 32-bit (x64) . Marka, iyadoo ku xiran mid ka mid ah qaab-dhismeedyadan la socda CPU-gaaga, tirada transistor-yada ku dul yaal sidoo kale way kala duwanaan doontaa. Sababta tani waa in naqshadaha CPU-yada qaarkood ay ku fiican yihiin maaraynta noocyada shaqooyinka qaarkood marka loo eego kuwa kale. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, 64-bit CPU architecture wuxuu leeyahay transistors badan wuxuuna ka baaraandegi karaa qaybo badan oo xog ah marka loo eego dhiggiisa 32-bit.

Arrinta #2: Tirada Kooreyada

Arrin kale oo saamaynaysa tirada transistor-ka CPU waa tirada koorayaasha ku jira processor-ka. Xuddunta CPU waa qaybta helo tilmaamaha oo qabata hawlgallada . Si tan loo sameeyo, waxay u baahan tahay transistors - badan oo iyaga ka mid ah. CPU-gu waxa uu yeelan karaa hal xudun ama koorayaal badan. CPU-ga leh laba koor waxaa loo yaqaan dual-core , halka mid afar gees leh uu yahay quad-core , iyo wixii la mid ah. Sidan oo kale, inta tirada kombuyuutarrada ee CPU-gu ay bataan, waxaa badanaya transistors-ka la heli karo, iyo sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee CPU-gu noqon doono.

Arrinta #3: TDP

>TDP ama Awoodda naqshadaynta kulaylkaee CPU waa tirada awoodda ay ku isticmaasho culeyska ugu sarreeya aragti ahaan. Inta badan ee uu Processor-ku isticmaalo, waxa badanaya kulaylka uu dhalinayo. Sidaa darteed, soo saarayaasha kombuyuutarku waa inaynaqshadeyso nidaamka qaboojinta si aad u kala saarto kuleylka hoostiisa culeys kasta oo shaqo ah. Transistor-ka ku jira CPU ayaa sidoo kale maamula nidaamkan. Haddii CPU ay qabato shaqo badan, waxay u baahan tahay nidaam qaboojin wanaagsan - markaa transistor badan - si looga hortago kulaylka.

Arrinta #4: Xawaaraha saacada

xawaaraha saacadu waa arin kale oo saamaynaysa tirada transistor-ka ee processor-ka. Xawaaraha saacada waxa loola jeedaa tirada hababka uu CPU qabto ilbiriqsikii . Xawaaraha saacada Processor-yaasha waxa lagu qiyaasaa GHz ,halka qaar ka mid ah moodooyinka qadiimiga ah ee CPU lagu qiyaaso MHz .

>Haddaba, haddii aad aragto Processor leh xawaarihiisa saacada. ee 2.0 GHz, waxa ay la macno tahay in ay qabato 2 bilyan oo geeddi-socodilbiriqsikii. Markasta oo uu sareeyo xawaaraha saacada processor-ku, waa inta badan hababka uu samayn karo. Processor-ku si uu xawaarihiisu u sarreeyo, waxa uu leeyahay transistor ka badan. Sidaa darteed, xawaaraha sare ee saacaddu waxay ka dhigan tahay transistor badan, iyo saacadda hoose waxay ka dhigan tahay transistor yar.

Arrinta #5: Habka Wax-soo-saarka

Habka wax-soo-saarka ee ay adeegsato soo-saareyaashu waxay saamayn ku yeelan karaan tirada transistor-ka CPU-ga. Dhammaan soo-saarayaashu ma haystaan ​​tignoolajiyada horumarsan si ay transistor badan ugu dhejiyaan hal CPU. Kordhinta tirada transistors ee hal xudunta ah waxay kordhin doontaa qarashka soo saarista . Sidaa darteed, wax-soo-saarayaal badan ayaan ku faraxsanayn inay transistarradaas badan ku dhejiyaan CPU-ga si ay uga dhigaan mid la awoodi karo isticmaaleyaashaiibso. Ilaa inta uu CPU-gu qabanayo waxa loo baahan yahay, wax-soo-saarayaashu uma muuqdaan kuwo aad uga walaacsan kordhinta tirada si weyn.

Arrinta #6: Qodobada kale

> Qodobo kale ayaa saamayn kara tirada transistor-ka ee CPU. Tusaale ahaan, jiritaanka GPU wuxuu si weyn u kordhin karaa tirada transistor-ka ee CPU. Iyadoo kaadhadhka garaafyada ee go'ayay noqonayaan kuwa caadiga ah, sawirada isku dhafan maaha kuwo duugoobay. Haddii CPU lahaan lahayd processor garaafyo isku dhafan, waxay kordhinaysaa tirada soo-saareyaasha transistor-ka ee ay tahay inay geliso CPU.Key Takeaway

Transistors waxay leeyihiin arjiyada balaadhan ee kala duwan loomana isticmaalo CPU-yada kombiyuutarada on a CPU waa xoogaa aan caddayn oo hufan. Maanta CPUs badan ayaa ka samaysan balaayiin transistor ah. Marka, halkii aad diirada saari lahayd inta milyan ama balaayiin transistor ah ayaa ku jira CPU, in aad uga walaacsan waxa qalabku qaban karo ayaa ka qiimo badan. Sidaa darteed, qeexitaannada CPU, sida xawaaraha saacadda, tirada xudunta, iyo cabbirka kaydka, ayaa si fiican u cabbiraya waxqabadka weyn.

Su'aalaha Inta badan La Isweydiiyo

Waa maxay cabbirka transistors-ka CPU?

Marka la tixgaliyo cabbirka daqiiqadaha ee CPU-yada casriga ah, sidee bay ku tahay in transistors-ku ay qaadi karaan balaayiin transistor ah? Tani waa suurtogal sababtoo ah transistors-yada CPU-yada maanta way ka yar yihiin inta aad qiyaasi karto.Celcelis ahaan transistor-ka CPU waa kaliya ilaa 14 nanometer guud ahaan . Si tan loo dhigo si ka wanaagsan, transistor-ka ku jira CPU waxay ku dhow yihiin 14 jeer ka ballaaran yihiin unugga DNA-ga .

Sidee loo soo saaray transistors-ka CPU?

Transistors ee CPU-yada waxaa soo saaray habab kombuyuutar ah oo isku dhafan oo loo yaqaan lithography . Sababtoo ah inta daqiiqo ee ay yihiin, waxaa lagu daabacaa wafer silikoon oo hoos timaada iftiinka ultraviolet ee daran.